An Importance of the Spiritual Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1173 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Religion Essay Level High school Topics: Faith Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: Death has perpetually been the common debated discussion concerning humans belief. As we all know death is the closing journey in life; hence, all living beings will inevitably die. It is part of nature, yet a mystery nobody has endured telling. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance of the Spiritual Faith" essay for you Create order It is said to inspire peoples works. Although, death is still a story as the entire human community still wonders how it runs on peoples lives. Nurses perform an essential role in caring for dying patients and their families. Because of this, nurses need to evaluate their beliefs and feeling of death before providing care to patients. Personal Experience: Back in 2011, I was a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) I was carrying for one of my patients who was neared to death and had a status of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR). 68 years-old female was diagnosed with bone cancer taking treatment of radiation and chemotherapy. But the therapies were not helping help, so she decided to go on Hospice care. Her family was unhappy with her decision and was not readied to let her go yet, but she was prepared to go to heaven. A few years ago, during one of her hospitals stays she had filled out an advanced directive. She entirely agreed with her decisions that she made. However, she was dying and did not want her life to be continued any longer than it had, because she understood the severity of her condition and knew that her life would nevermore go back to what it used to be. After one and half month on her final days, a hospice nurse came to give her morning bed bath. I was her CNA, and I still remembered when I was helping the hospice nurse giving her morning bed bath she was skinny, pale, her mouth, and eyes were dry, her body was cold, and skin appeared to be weeping and moist. Her family was at the bedside with her to say their goodbye and they knew she would be passing any time. Now that I got the news, I undergo all the stages of depression and grief. As I learned about postmortem care during my nursing school, I clean my patient and prepare a person for immediate viewing as wanted by family members. I quietly stay with family for a while to support them. I found her family was still holding her hand, crying, and pleading with God. It addressed me understand that life is too short. I gave families unlimited time and provide privacy. Personal Faith and Death: Inside the United States, we ought to consider Immigrants from across the earth that various traditional cultures including religious faiths. Being health care professionals, we necessarily possess in-depth knowledge regarding diversity. To speak about culture including the holy faith one has just enough skill of religion and spirituality. As a health care professional, its essential to know the fundamental component about each faith to implement that best possible care to each of the patients. However, its impossible to be knowledgeable about all religion presented to healthcare workers. In order to give optimal care, its imperative to evaluate our patient spiritual faith also its part in their health care. We all grew up beside loved ones alone around us; it is our families, friends, also pets, and several times we do not deem that we will ever lose them. Placing me in the dying position my biggest fear would be leaving my family behind. The feeling of being never seeing them after death is unexplainable. But either way death and dying is a normal part of human being life. It is a natural part of a persons life, in that what has a beginning will ultimately come to an end. Nurses Rule and Post-Mortem Care: Caring for a dying patient is a necessary part of each nurses duty. However, it is now a fact that caregivers frequently have struggled in dealing with such activity. Throughout the end of life care nurse should recognize an end-of-life care plan, advanced directives, including caregiver support (Potter Perry, 2017). The nurses primary role in caring for a patient before death includes talk to the person even if the person does not respond because they can hear you. Keep the perineal area clean and dry, the position for comfort, administer medications to maintain symptoms of pain, restlessness, avoid noxious stimuli and do not force a person to eat or drink. The nurses first role in caring for a patient after death is clean the patient from head to toe, removed all equipment, indwelling, and tubes lines such as feeding tube. It is a nurse responsibility to applied identify name tags on person and closed the eyes if its open. Documentation the entire event and notified provider, chaplain, and mortuary. Dress a client for transport to the morgue or funeral home per facility contract. California Advance Directives: Most people think that advance directives are for older adults that however are just not true. Advance directives are a way for our families to make medical decisions for us when we are in a critical state. I appreciate my quality of life. I have always wanted to support other people thats why even though after I die, I planned to donate my organs because some peoples in the world are waiting for organs to received and live their life. I believe becoming an organ donor after death is not merely an essential decision for myself. Still, it is further a necessary choice for the life that I may have the ability to save. Nurses Role in the Dying Experience One of the most remarkable things as nurses we can do for patients that are dying is to implement the best reasonable care for them and their families and friends through the last phase of life through death. It is necessary that the nurse performs thorough assessments, rapid response to changes in status, rapid titration of medications, and timely discontinuation and an introduction of interventions aimed to promote comfort (Potter Perry, 2017). Make sure you maintain the patient essential dignity and respect during the last phase of life. I deem training will help, and respecting patients wishes and dreams for ending of life care need to be in considerations. Conclusion: Caring dying patient was an excellent experience for me to see because situations like my patient she was willing to go to heaven but a family was not ready yet to phase that phase. As a nurse, in the future, I most likely be caring for a few patients like this, and it is good to see different situations. Some patients may have family that agrees with the patient, some may have family that doesnt recognize when the patient wants to be on life support, and some may be like the case I had. My practice will prepare me to understand with the patients family during the end of life care. It is testing to deal with the loss of a loved one, but acceptance makes it a bit smoother to move on.

The Influence Of Internet Addiction - 1053 Words

Research Paper Name: Joy ID: 228661 Course name: pre DY Instructor: Ranjani Ramesh Date: Oct.05 2017 The Influence of Internet Addiction Have you been though things such as you open up your laptop to do your work or study but ended up playing video games and surfing on internet? It is believed that a great amount of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. Highly advanced internet make our life better, which is non-debatable, but there†¦show more content†¦Individuals start to enjoy the feelings brought up by the internet and fall into it deeply. When they realize where they are and want to get their life back to the real life, usually they will find hard times doing so. Moreover, researches show the majority of people who consume internet addiction the young generation, especially college students. The reason is young generations use internet more often than the older generations do, especially for college students, their life are filled up with social media s like Instagram, snapchat, Facebook, etc. They ca nnot be communicated or in other words, accepted by their peers if they do not use internet quite often. In doing so, internet addiction definitely makes a difference in terms of social media use. Addictive use of the Internet may be vary and it has impacts on several aspects such as online affairs, student internet abuse, and employee internet abuse. Online chat rooms and other social medias might impact individuals in ways such as marriages, health conditions, and personalities. New areas of research identify users who became hooked on online chat rooms, instant messaging, interactive games, and even eBay only to see their lives become increasingly unmanageable because of the Internet (e.g., Morahan-Martin, 1997; Scherer, 1997; Young, 1996). Moreover, information on the Internet is too disorganized and unrelated to school curriculum to help students and can even serve as aShow MoreRelatedInternet Addiction Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesof violent video game affect adolescences ha ve bad habits, the main reason is they get addicted to the internet. Huge negative effects appear if teenagers get addicted to the internet, including can not live without a cell phone, internet addiction disorder and there are negative effects of the internet violent game. Due to the internet is convenient and cell phones can connect with the internet, teenagers can not live without their cellphone and it has lots of problems. First of all,young peopleRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Internet Addiction1134 Words   |  5 Pages The internet can change the life. Peoples lives are becoming more and more efficient, especially after the development of the Internet. 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They spend more time playing online games and watching TV shows on the internet, which means they stop going outside with their friends and even if stop going to schools. Internet should benefit people. But a number of people are controlled by internet. In other words, internet addiction will influence people in some negativeRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreInternet Negative Effects891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is a technology that has negative impacts on our daily lives. It has changed aspects of our life for the last 50 years, and it has demonstrated the considerable influence on people’s lives. Almost 3.2 billion people in the world use the internet. The Internet has gained acceptance across the globe, and it has also become central to the critical changes experienced in today’s society. Some of the changes are social isolation, health disorder, a lack of privacy and internet addiction. Read MoreNegative Effects Of Internet Addiction935 Words   |  4 Pageswork or study but ended up playing video games and surfing the internet? It is believed that a lot of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. 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It disconnects people fromRead MoreThe Impact of Social Technology on the Development of Social Competence1274 Words   |  5 Pages Great success has been achieved in technology in the past 50 years which has changed the way people live as a society. Internet is a modern technological form of communication that not only is capable of communicating with one another but offers varieties of its uses such as sharing information , playing games , information storage , GPS tracking, etc. A society is where different people live together with a social behavior as interacting , helping , talking , sharing and caring for one

Critical Essay on Procurement Strategy

Question: Write a critical analysis of strategic procurement of infrastructure development project. Answer: Introduction Strategic construction procurement should be constructed upon the intention and the objective of procurement process (Young and Grant, 2015). This study would analyze the construction procurement process and its implementations on the new school projects generated by the DET under Australian government. In this essay the critical evaluation of the strategic construction procurement has been discussed in the light of the given case study. This scenario in accordance to the case study can be cited in this manner that the new school project conducted by the NSW department of education and training which is the largest provider of education services within Australian region. The public private partnership has been considered so lately as the effective tool in terms of exercising the multidimensional impacts on the construction procurement. It has been largely observed that the public sector project that remains under the strict observation of government is getting more dependent on the p rivate sectors in recent years (Akintoye et al. 2003). Therefore, this study has also enhanced the importance and effectiveness of public private partnerships in the construction procurement. NSW department of education and training has provided a number of primary schools and special school to the society within the record time period. The primary education services are being provided by the DET in order to make the generation more successful and adaptable to new systems in the future. Hence, this study has also evaluated the procurement strategies along with the advantages and disadvantages of BOT and its achievements in this regard. Effectiveness of Public and private partnership The public private partnerships (P3) have been found to be growing as one of the most popular strategies in course of infrastructure development across the world (McQuaid and Scherrer, 2010). As far as the international infrastructure development is concerned, it can be mentioned that there are several types of public private partnerships that are put into practice in terms of achieving utmost significance in the concerned projects. Public Private Partnership can be regarded as some sort of a contractual agreement between the likes of a public agency and a specified private sector entity to serve the purpose concerning the delivery of public infrastructure services and others in lieu of long term relationship. Introduction of Public Private Partnership can well be considered as a more unique as well as innovative approach for the cause of improved effectiveness in association with increased value for money (Akintoye et al. 2003). Alongside this factor, the P3 is an approach of unique ness for the purpose of improved service access, for the cause of timely delivery, for serving the purpose of reliability, transparency alongside appropriate accountability of public money. The effectiveness of the P3 arrangement lies in its allowing in designing the actual optimum combinations regarding both the public and private financing. The projects involving the public private partnerships offer limited cost overruns and at the same time, help in lowering operational costs in comparison to the other contracts (Zhang, 2005). The identification of barriers to the respective infrastructure of Public Private Partnership i.e. social, political and social risks; inefficient procurement framework; unfavorable commercial and economic conditions etc has in turn aided in ensuring the effectiveness of the partnership in the given project. Creation of added value is the main reason along with gaining significant competitive advantage amongst the different spheres of the world why this P3 has become so popular in terms of working on the integration and cross-transferring of the respective public and private sector knowledge, skills and expertise (Abdel Aziz, 2007). Furthermor e, the fact that public private partnerships are not standardized makes it far more approachable in terms of meeting the concerned governmental policy objectives in addition to the cause of complementing the other methods of public procurement and public service delivery in accordance with their availability of resources (Ke et al. 2009). Background information of the project As per the given case study, it is being known that the NSW Department of Education and Training (DET) is considered as the largest possible provider as far as the educational services in Australia is concerned (Jefferies and McGeorge, 2009). DET is found to be operating in more than 2400 sites, in connection with enrolling approximate 1.2 million students and having an asset base valued in excess of $15 billion. DET has managed to get two key public private sector partnership contracts in terms of letting those in providing the NSW government run schools in the new found urban release areas. While the New Schools Project is being regarded as the first ever social infrastructure Public Private Partnership contract of the NSW Government, this particular approach is known as the New Schools Privately Financed Project. It can be mentioned further, that these stipulated tasks were to be conducted by the likes of Axiom Education Pty Limited, in support of ABN AMRO Bank, Hansen Yuncken, St Hilliers and Spotless. The new type of procurement approach has actually come up as an appropriate replacement of the conventional method that takes into account individual school construction contracts coupled with several short term services and supply contracts. It can be mentioned in this regard that, under this new procurement style, the person in charge of construction must engage in designing, constructing as well as commissioning specific school facilities i.e. buildings of school, school playgrounds, furniture, fixtures, fittings, equipments, necessary electrical goods etc at its own respective cost by preset dates. It is the duty and responsibility of the contractor to provide operational, maintenance, security, safety, utility, cleaning and last but not the least repair services for each and every aspect of the school facility. Furthermore, after the contract is over, the contractor should hand over the respective school facilities to the State or to a newly nominated contractor, whichever is applicable and necessary. Procurement strategies Procurement strategies can be described in terms of preventing the different level of risks in this context. Strategies of procurement has been engaged from decades as the services related to the building process that has been adapted in order to deliver better services to satisfy the public needs. When a new project regarding the school building has been selected for renovation it includes different types of procurement strategies encompassing the solution along with the aims and objectives of effective solutions instead of engaging the real estate aspects like renting, leashing or purchasing the preset object in this regard (Chen, 2012). At the time of adapting any new project regarding the renovation of building the client should be made aware of the fact that along with the adoption of procurement strategy there comes some of the complex array that may generate constraints in the process of implementing procurement strategies as these complexities may be handled in the course of the entire procurement process. In this regard it has been detected that there are some important aspects that needs a sheer attention that is procurement process must involve few essential elements like; There should be an appropriate arrangement for the entire procurement process in order to implement such strategy effectively. It should be clearly stated in the contract format of the procurement package that what systems and methods will be taken into account for the procurement process. It should also be mentioned that how the procurement agency will manage the entire process that will suit the delivery system along with other services. There are many factors that are influencing the procurement strategies in recent times and which have remained under the cover of a veil for a long time. The agencies that are going to undertake a series of projects in the near future will opt for the option of partnership irrespective of the procurement rules that does not follow the line. The working activities of both the contractor and they consultant can be detected through the pre determined indicator in the procurement process and also helps in comparing the action outcomes of the both parties. In this regard the external factors like economic, political, social, environmental factors also influences the client and their business activities involved in the procurement process (Ekung et al. 2013). In order to define the procurement system it can be said that it is an organizational system that allows individuals to access the responsibilities and authorities in the organization along with this provides a explanation of the various aspects affecting the building projects in this regard. In the traditional procurement system the activity of the entire procurement system has been conducted in such a way in which the employer considers the fact the design will automatically adapt its assigned work, the contractor will be responsible to carry out the entire process and the consultant has been appointed for design and cost control of the entire project. Hence the procurement process can be considered as the series of risk and the prevention methods that are being adopted by the organizations would form in the strategies in the concerned field (Improving Construction Procurement Systems using Organizational Strategies, 2014) Procurement strategies at international level Procurement strategies have been adopted by many countries in order to avoid the unsatisfactory faces of the clients and also to avoid the embracing situation regarding the failure to attend the public needs. The new schools projects has introduces a new level of procurement strategies in the course of their action as it has made profit more than $ 15 billion and also provided services in the education sector within a record breaking time frame. Many types of procurement strategies have been developed so far in order to develop the international infrastructure system. The NSW department of education and training has introduces a new system of procurement strategies that can be assessed in terms of risk management in the course of building projects. The new school project has strictly depicted that the accountable organizations would be able to adapt effective procurement policies and also would be able to attain the public investment needs. It has been observed in the recent times th at procurement is an internationally recognised profession in the building project sectors (Ishii et al. 2014). It is also evident that procurement strategies on an international level have the ability to influence the overall performance outcome of and organization. Therefore, in this regard it can be suggested that the government of the mentioned country or the other countries should be aware of the different crucial aspects related to procurement system as this can take the critical shape for both the private and the public sectors.teh procurement system can also be handled with the effective public and private sector partnership strategies (Liu and Wilkinson, 2016). There are various cultural differences in the building project sector that are able to influence the development procedure though building partnerships. The reforms that have been adopted in the sectors of procurement have exercised a large impact on the legal framework along with the institutional aspects of a country. The procurement strategies has shown its charisma in relation to international business as it has been adapted by the organization internationally when the organizations fails to coordinate and collaborate between the public and the private sector partnership. The international procurement strategies have delivers an ample amount of advantages along with disadvantages, like Contractors are getting the opportunity to collaborate and coordinate with one particular and single company which decreases the scope of increases procurement. The contractors are able to assume the risk and possibilities regarding the building projects and procurement of the continuing project. And finally the roles, responsibilities and the charges are clear to the all parties and the risk of procurement would also be detected in the due course (Plantinga and Dore, 2016). Adaptation of appropriate procurement strategy for the NSW project The BOT strategies can be described as the binary options trading strategy that has been considered as the most effective and useful tool in the public and private partnership. The BOT strategies are a set of ideas that would be leading the organizations in the right path of deliberation (binary options trading strategies, 2010).. The rules regarding the binary option trading should be based on the market values. The best way to develop a right model of BOT strategy is to gather as much as possible comprehension about the current situation of the market. BOT strategy is very much influential and effective in deriving the right outcomes for the project. The project can be shapes with sheer effectiveness if the BOT strategy can be implemented in the right directions and right tools in this regard. The Binary option trading also provides the scope of financial security as the users can predict the financial situation of the market. In other words it helps in constructing the financial s tructure of the intended project. The new school project has taken into account the binary option trading as an integral part of the procurement system in relation to the building project and the effective implementation of the public private partnership aided by the BOT strategies (Zhang, 2005). Advantages and disadvantages of BOT It can be put forth that the BOT procurement method is a particular type of private public partnership mode, in accordance with which, the financing of work is being carried out (Zhang and Kumaraswamy, 2001). There are certain advantages and disadvantages of this specified procurement strategy that must be taken into account in terms of exploring the strategic approach. Advantages: BOT helps in saving time on grounds of the service providers respective expertise in course of assembling the concerned infrastructure and the obtainment of local regulatory consents and in saving efforts for the service provider is capable of performing at considerably lower price. Transfer of technology along with the respective training of the local personnel and the national capital market development can be counted as one of the key factors of this mechanism. BOT is efficient in saving money alongside market share for the new infrastructural benefits are enjoyed sooner and with accelerated effectiveness (Kumaraswamy and Zhang, 2001). BOT formula which is a complex mechanism can be applied to any sector of economy with special preference for transportation, power plant sector and telecommunications. Disadvantages: Transactional costs are usually high for they take up around 5-10% of the total project cost. It is found that there are additional costs which are incurred for paying a certain amount of profit to the service provider in consequence of the value of its know-how and stipulated time in organizing the infrastructure of service delivery. It is rare that BOT is applicable to early stage startups in lieu of short term urgency. Not suitable for small scale projects BOT projects are successful depending on the factor of financial support and projects can only gain success when substantial revenues are found to be generated during the operational activity phase. Achievement of BOT (Build Operate Transfer) strategy in the NSW project BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) is regarded as one of the most successful as well as helpful strategies for the public private partnership of the infrastructure project which can be mentioned as an essential form of leading where the project sponsor i.e. the government allows for designing, financing and building an infrastructure facility by the project promoter i.e. private entrepreneur (Shrestha, 2011). It can invariably be put forth that BOT is inherently an output oriented procurement strategy that plays a pivotal role in designing appropriate structure of the concerned partnership project. Governments tend to adopt BOT project procurement strategy because the active involvement of both the private sector and the commercially experienced lenders helps in ensuring a detailed and in-depth evaluation as an added sign of the concerned project feasibility. Public sector is entrusted with the responsibility of bearing the project risk generally, but use of BOT strategy which is a specifi ed service model makes it an integral aspect of private sector instead. The effectiveness of P3 with regard to the specified characteristics of building and management of schools in close association with the BOT strategy in achieving the requisite goal of the New Schools Privately Financed Project can also be counted in this respect (Liu and Wilkinson, 2014). It can be summed up in this regard that BOT strategy is the effective most procurement mechanism that comes as a great deal of help in the infrastructure development project of construction, as in the case of the New Schools Privately Financed Project. Conclusion In the final segment, it can be concluded that this particular essay has critically analyzed the various dimensions of the procurement strategy with special reference to the BOT strategy. The given case study of New Schools Privately Financed Project has been discussed in light of the specified procurement strategy in close association with the public private partnership. The P3 is the basis of the new version of infrastructure project and that has been effectively co-ordinated with BOT strategy in order to achieve success in the concerned genre of construction. How far the procurement strategy in concern has managed to pave the way for the public private partnership in the field of infrastructure development has also been explored in the essay in this connection of given case study. The nooks and corners of the BOT procurement mechanism have been delved deep upon in this context from highly analytical perspective, which has actually led to the establishment of the fact that procurem ent strategy is essential in the genre of infrastructure development with necessary advancements in the contemporary situation. References Abdel Aziz, A. (2007). Successful Delivery of Public-Private Partnerships for Infrastructure Development. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(12), pp.918-931. Akintoye, A., Hardcastle, C., Beck, M., Chinyio, E. and Asenova, D. (2003). Achieving best value in private finance initiative project procurement. Construction Management and Economics, 21(5), pp.461-470. Binary Options Trading Strategies. (2010).Joining traders from New York Tokyo Singapore Toronto Paris London. Chen, K. (2012). Procurement strategies and coordination mechanism of the supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple suppliers.International Journal of Production Economics, 138(1), pp.125-135. Ekung, S., Siriwardena, M. and Adeniran, L. (2013). Optimised Selection and use of Project Procurement Strategy in Nigeria: A Case from Practise.Ethiop. J. Env Stud Manag, 6(6). Improving Construction Procurement Systems using Organizational Strategies. (2014).Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 11(01). Ishii, N., Takano, Y. and Muraki, M. (2014). An order acceptance strategy under limited engineering man-hours for cost estimation in EngineeringProcurementConstruction projects.International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), pp.519-528. Jefferies, M. and McGeorge, W. (2009). Using public private partnerships (PPPs) to procure social infrastructure in Australia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(5), pp.415-437. Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. and Cheung, E. (2009). Research Trend of Public-Private Partnership in Construction Journals. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(10), pp.1076-1086. Kumaraswamy, M. and Zhang, X. (2001). Governmental role in BOT-led infrastructure development. International Journal of Project Management, 19(4), pp.195-205. Liu, T. and Wilkinson, S. (2014). Using public-private partnerships for the building and management of school assets and services. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(2), pp.206-223. Liu, T. and Wilkinson, S. (2016). Using public-private partnerships for the building and management of school assets and services. McQuaid, R. and Scherrer, W. (2010). Changing reasons for publicprivate partnerships (PPPs). Public Money Management, 30(1), pp.27-34. Plantinga, H. and Dore, A. (2016). Procurement strategy formation: (re-)designing rail infrastructure project alliances.Int J Managing Projects in Bus, 9(1), pp.53-73. Shrestha, S. (2011). Prospects of BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) Projects for Infrastructure Development in Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 8(1-2). Young, R. and Grant, J. (2015). Is strategy implemented by projects? Disturbing evidence in the State of NSW.International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), pp.15-28. Zhang, X. (2005). Paving the Way for PublicPrivate Partnerships in Infrastructure Development. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 131(1), pp.71-80. Zhang, X. and Kumaraswamy, M. (2001). BOT-Based Approaches to Infrastructure Development in China. J. Infrastruct. Syst., 7(1), pp.18-25.

Brazils Current Film Industry Essay Example For Students

Brazils Current Film Industry Essay In this paper I will discuss Brazil and its current film industry. I will elucidate its role in the Brazilian economy, and also what part the government deals in the industry itself. Certain Brazilian films will be given as representations towards my theories. Within a year of the Lumiere brothers first experiment in Paris in 1896, the cinematograph machine appeared in Rio de Janeiro. Ten years later, the capital boasted 22 cinema houses and the first Brazilian feature film, The Stranglers by Antonio Leal, had been screened. From then on Brazils film industry made continuous progress and, although it has never been large, its output over the years has attracted international attention. In 1930, still the era of the silent movie in Brazil, Mario Peixotos film, Limite was made. Limite is a surrealistic work dealing with the conflicts raised by the human condition and how life conspires to prevent total fulfillment. It was considered a landmark film in the Brazilian cinema history. In 1933 Cinedia produced The Voice of Carnival, the first film with Carmen Miranda. This film ushered in the chanchada which dominated Brazilian cinema for many years. Chanchadas were the slapstick comedies, generally filled with musical numbers and thoroughly cherished by the public. By the end of the 1940s Brazilian film making was becoming an industry. The Vera Cruz Film Company was created in Sao Paulo with the goal of producing films of international quality. It hired technicians from abroad and brought back from Europe, Alberto Cavalcanti, a Brazilian filmmaker with an international reputation to head the company. Vera Cruz produced some important films before it closed in 1954, among them the epic O Cangaceiro which won the Best Adventure Film award at Cannes Film Festival in 1953. In the 1950s, Brazilian cinema radically changed the way it made films. In his 1995 film, Rio 40 Graus, director Nelson Pereira dos Santos employed the filmmaking techniques of Italian non realism by using ordinary people as his actors and by going to the streets to shoot his low budget film. He would become one of the most important Brazilian filmmakers of all time, and it is he who set the stage for the Brazilian cinema novo an idea in mind and a camera in the hands movement. By 1962 cinema novo had established a new concept in Brazilian filmmaking. The cinema novo films dealt with themes related to acute national problems, from conflicts in rural areas to human problems in the large cities, as well as film versions of important Brazilian novels. At the end of the 1960s, the Tropicalist movement had taken hold of the art scenes in Brazil which meant that cinema came under its spell. It emphasized the need to transform all foreign influences into a national product. The most representative film of this movement was Macunaima, by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. It was a metaphorical analysis of the Brazilian character as shown in the story of a native Indian who leaves the Amazon jungle and goes to the big city. Working at the same time as the Tropicalists were the cinema marginal movement. This was another group of directors that emerged in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro who also made low cost films. This group produced films with themes that referred to a marginal society. Their films were considered difficult. In 1969 the government film agency, Embrafilme, was created. They were responsible for the co production, financing, and distribution of a large percentage of films in the 1970s and 1980s. Embrafilme added a commercial dimension to the film industry and made it possible for it to move on to more ambitious projects. In the 1980s movies were not well attended. This was due in part to the popularity of the television. Many theatres closed their doors, especially in the interior if the country. Dementia in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty EssayThe actual flourishing of the film industry is so intense that one can even measure by the fact that in the beginning of the decade the number of spectators for the Brazilian films were insignificant, summoning up to about 20,000 per year. But gradually, as the films increased so did the spectators. In 1997 one can see how the numbers have jumped to 2 million. Another auspicious fact is the regional diversification of productions, allowing the elimination of the battles between Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Although the market is still dominated by foreign films, Brazil has begun to export their films. In 1997 Brazil imported 680 millions of dollars against the 38 millions that were being exported. The Federal Constitution clearly established in the 2 articles 215, and 216 states that the competency of the state guarantees the cultural rights. Also access to the cultural source, value and incentivation of the cultural productions and preservations of the national heritage. Especially the ones from the various ethnic groups and trends that encompass the Brazilian society. So the 3 fundamental dimensions of the cultural phenomenon creation, diffusion, and preservation are contemplated in the constitutional text. This places them under the public responsibilities in collaboration with its society. The countrys cultural area is changing to a more stable structure of organization and financial support. The federal legislation that incentives the culture has 2 powerful laws. Law 8. 313/91, which is the federal law to stimulate the culture, and law 8685/93 which is the audiovisual law. With these two laws the federal government incentives and supports the firms to contribute with a percentage of the taxes to be used in the support of the arts. As a result of these laws we have the Revival of the Brazilian Movie, with an increased income of 80 million reais Brazillian currency in 1997. These figures are four times bigger than the 1995 figures. An illustration of this is the ministry of culture that gave 40 awards for film shorts, 15 for scripts, and 15 for the development of the audio-visual projects. In 1998, the ministry of culture will center its efforts to increase the market for Brazilian productions of audio visual context. By doing so, one hopes that this can increase the structure and the implementation of the audio visual industry in Brazil. In conclusion, I believe that the Brazilian film industry was lacking when it first started. Gradually the industry has begun to grow and produce films that are even entertaining foreign audiences, such as O Quatrilho in Europe and the US. Hopefully as the years pass I believe that even though Brazil is a third world country, it is rich enough in culture to bring forth a different quality of films that will reassure the foreign audience and market to give them a chance.

TJ Lawrence Essays - Jackie Robinson, Cactus League,

TJ Lawrence 7J 4-25-00 Novel Assignment Rookie Of The Year Part 1. 273 more words Who is the rookie this year? Do you think that the Brooklyn Dodgers have had a rough season? With all of the sicknesses and all of the losses. And with the fact that the Cardinals are always in first. They want to win the pennant so bad. The manager Spike wants to win it fairly. They are doing pretty good though. Thrid place isn't a bad one. The Brooklyn Dodgers have been playing hard to get where they are. There were alot of hardships that they all had to over look. They also made an awsome come back to make it to the playoffs, then they beat out the Pitsburg Pirates so the can play the St. Louis Cardnials in the finals. If you wanna find out how they did your just going to have to read on. He doesn't want his players to be drinking anything during the season. If he catches them there in for it deep. The coach will fine the players the first time their caught with fifty dollars. The second time they get suspended and a hundred dollar fine. The third time..well there isn't a third time. When the coach made this statement at the end of a game in the locker room, the most mouthy person on the team even knew that he meant it because Raz didn't say a thing. The coach has also almost caught many people on the team but they get extremely lucky and get away with it. The players think that alcohol is the answer to all the stress after the game. Yet the coach knows that it will only get the players sick and he is only doing this so that the players stay safe for the games. Bones was fined once for alcohol and it wasn't to much his fault. It was because of his roomie who took him out and got him drunk because he thought he was to stressed out. Spike made an example out of Bones an d they moved Bones with another room mate. Bones Hathaway was now stuck with an old veteran pitcher and he didn't like it. Mr. MacManus who owned the team was going to suspend Bones Hathaway because Spike was being a hot head. He kept screwing thing up and Mr. MacManus was going to take it out on his team. Luckely Spikes brother Bob was there and cooled Mr. macmanus' temper. The Dodgers have been playing tons of games just so they can win the pentane. All they want is the pentant. They even play games from like ten o'clock at night and can go on till two a.m. The Cardinals are in first, Pirates in second, and the Dodgers in third. They have beaten the Cardinals before but not enough times to move ranks around. They want to face the Cardinals in the World Series for the pentane because they are pretty sure that they can beat them. The Dodgers were actually on a winning streak at one point then their best rookie pitcher became sick. He was one of the reasons they had a winning streak but on the first day they won he had bacon, eggs, and toast. The next game he ate the same breakfast and they won again. So he was being superstitious and ate that breakfast for eleven days straight. The coach gave a long speach about them eating right and he was very upset that his best rookie pitcher was sick. Spike had a talk with Bones Hathaway after he got better and aske d him some question. He wanted to make sure that Bones wasn't getting sick because the other team paid him and that Bones was a good hitter but didn't show it because the other team paid him. The last game. Only one game was left for those courageous Brooklyn Dodgers. They made it. They made it all they to the pentane game. It was just them and the St. Louis Cardinals. Before the game their manager Spike game them a little speech. It wasn't much, but it was enough. Spike told the team about what would happen if the won. He told them how great

In what ways did WWI essays

In what ways did WWI essays What happened in Britain, Germany and Belgium when war broke? How were the civilian population affected? What happened with men? What happened with women? What effect did the war had on these countries? One of the main things that influenced people when the war started was propaganda. In Germany the press was not free and people couldnt question that they were fighting a defensive war. They also had Hate Campaign, which was against Britain, and its main function was to divert attention when Germans were questioning their war aims. In Britain newspapers were censored from 1915 on, there were very strict rules about this, for example no photographs that showed a dead British soldier could be published, and major battle casualty lists were sometimes not made public for weeks. Letters from soldiers were censored too; this was probably to give people a cheerful idea of how life was at the front. The British government printed pamphlets, posters, newspaper reports and advertisement that gave the impression that a soldiers life was heroic, adventurous and romantic, and to persuade people to eat less, buy less, join up, do voluntary work, etc. Most of this propaganda was to persuade men, parents, wives and girlfriends that war was worthwhile and that it was a great adventure rather than a dreadful reality. In Britain there was also anti-German propaganda, which included a few things that were true, but most of them werent. Basically it said that Germany was evil and that Britain would beat Germany. What made pr opaganda so effective was that it didnt show what was really happening in the fighting fronts, so neither the new soldiers nor their families knew the horrors of war that were awaiting them, and people didnt know how accurate the newspaper reports and pamphlets were. Food shortages affected these countries during the war, in Belgium they happened because even if the Belgians tried to buy f...

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution Coursework

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution - Coursework Example In the course of production, gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons among others that are produced as waste material by industries are released into the atmosphere. The result is massive air pollution. The most far reaching effect of these emissions is changes in climate. The average temperatures in the world increase every year, there are more floods, and the desserts are expanding among other deviations from climate as it were in the past. Air pollution also has negative impacts on plant and animal species as well as humans. For instance, acid rain increases the acidity of the soil which damages plants while inhalation of these gases causes health complications to humans. Industries also release chemical effluents in liquid form which when released into rivers and other water bodies and this has resulted into the decrease of fish and extinction of some species. The first locomotives used steam engines. In the present age, majority of automobiles use gas. Increased use of automobiles degrades the environment because it necessitates mining of oil. Combustion of gas to propel vehicles results in emission of gases which causes air pollution. The major pollutant from cars is carbon dioxide which is a green house gas that depletes the ozone layer and also contributes to global warming. Emissions such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides are part of the reason why the number of cancer cases is on the rise. Air pollution from locomotives also causes acid rain which is detrimental to plants. Industrial revolution has necessitated continued mining of oil and gas which is used to power motor vehicles, factory machines and in cooking. Mining and transportation of oil poses a danger to the environment through the possibility of oils spills on water bodies and also on land. Oil spills result in both short and long term

Look at the pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Waterfall Model Vs Prototyping Model

Waterfall Model Vs Prototyping Model Software products developed in todays era are mostly customer oriented. It is either drives the market or it driver by market. Customer Satisfaction was the main aim in the 1980s. Customer Delight is todays logo. Market needs more customers oriented and less emphasizes on the technology. Though the technology factor is always the prime factor behind the deliverables, the product should always satisfy the customer needs. The product development should start focusing on the customer requirements in case of both the retail based products and products developed based on pre-defined specifications. The software products like other engineering products have various types of development or manufacturing strategies to obtain the final output. The most famous software development strategies are as follows: Waterfall Model Evolutionary Model or Prototyping Model Incremental Model Spiral Model The most used models are Waterfall models used for generally small scale projects and single release based software products, whereas the Prototyping Model is used for developing large scale products generally developed in multiple parts rather than single release also called version of release. The software developments strategy I prefer is Prototyping Model. The reason for selecting the Prototyping Model encourages progressive strategic development with course of time. With prototyping model, I am also using non-agile approach and USDP methodology as active part of the development process. The usage of the prototyping non-agile approach and USDP methodology is justified below to be the best choice for my Project. WATERFALL MODEL vs. PROTOTYPING MODEL Waterfall Model is a flow based model which consist of following phases:- 1. System/Information Engineering and Modeling 2. Software Requirements Analysis 3. Systems Analysis and Design 4. Code Generation 5. Testing 6. Maintenance A Waterfall method of software development has to pass through every phase once, and not meant to go back to previous phase again. Once the requirements request made freeze, changes cant be done during any phase. That is why, it is used rarely now a days. Due to this If there is any change in requirements, and then it becomes difficult as well as costly affair. Apart from this each phase takes a lot of time to produce solution for its consecutive next phase as it is irreversible process the solution should be well optimized and satisfactory. If one phase result goes wrong means subsequent phases get effected. Prototyping Model is a technique that uses the technique of replication of few aspects or feature of expected product and it is then developed upon it to obtain the full software. It can be called designing of software prototypes or temporary versions of software program being developed for full edition deliverables. The main theme behind the prototyping is to allow users to evaluate developers proposal for the design of expected product based on real time analysis by user rather than interpreting by the developers themselves. So it is also referred as an efficient way of controlling the prototype that act as a key factor in the commercial relationship between clients and respective solution provider. The client and the contractor can compare if the software made matches the software specification, according to which the software program is built. In Prototype strategy of development as we create a number of Prototypes of the product, before the release of final one. We release number of Prototypes with some differences between them just as versions, and take client opinion, and modify the final Product, as per client suggestions. Prototype is developed by keeping currently known requirements in the mind. Development of prototype undergoes design, coding, testing like phases which give client an actual feel of the system. Prototype is a model which looks exactly like Software development life cycle (SDLC). AGILE MODELvs NON-AGILE MODEL Agile software development is mainly based on iterative development in which solutions are generated from the collaboration between the phases and functional teams of development. The agile software development approach has taken the software developing industry by storm. Agile software development has been en vogue in this decade. It started with the popularity of Extreme Programming (XP) and Kent Becks series of books on the topic. Somewhere it creates a misleading impression that agile is not formal and hence maintenance cost is reduced or controlled by spending more on up-front design. Of course, traditional (non-agile) methods shine in other areas. Agile methods are counter indicated, for example, where there are no system experts, so that only exhaustive study can possibly reveal whats truly needed. Most agile methods are, of course, informal, and so will not work unaltered in a problem area where formality is one of the requirements; but enough agile methods have been formally documented that for any formal project where exhaustive study is NOT a requirement, there should be precedent for using a (formal) agile method. Non-Agile software development provides a traditional simple way to develop software. It reduces the whole cost as well as time consumed in the development. It is less affected from the type of resources. Management information system (MIS) A management information system (MIS) is a process that provides the information which are essential to run an organization professionally. MIS are totally different from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making. MIS are computer-based system that provides managers with the tools for organizing, evaluating and efficiently running their departments. In order to provide past, present and prediction information, an MIS can include software that helps in decision making, data resources such as databases, the hardware resources of a system, decision support systems, people management and project management applications, and any computerized processes that enable the department to run efficiently. MIS are designed for ease of any type of business or organization. Now almost every kind of organization has its own MIS. It is a suite of software applications that together make it possible for people or businesses to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many MIS places in your everyday life like in banks, hospitals, hotels; colleges and universities have their own management system. MIS are helpful for organizations and institutes. Universities have their own managements systems. There are many departments in a university like examination, admission, registration, administration, hostel, finance. All these are required a proper and complete management, so for this reason MIS are designed to manage these departments. Every department has its own MIS which is specifically designed to handle its operation like data retrieval, storage and modification. Whenever the internet came every organization and institute is try to provide the better facilities through making their MIS online to satisfy their client. Todays every company and organization is moving on internet and building database in such a way that provided the better facilities and interaction to their clients as compare to past. Library information system (LIS) LIS are designed to record and maintain the information related books and activities of library. LIS plays unavoidable role in a university library because it provides the information about all types of books in a better organized manner. LIS keeps the track of all the books in a university. It contains records of each and every book and the members who borrowed the book. In other aspects LIS also serves as an accounts manager for library. It tracks and calculates possible fines, takes care for member securities and when required provide monetary calculation related to library to the university accounts office which manages university financial resources. The LIS is always ready to share data with the university central accounting system [1]. Traditionally manual file based systems serve as LIS in universities. Registers and note books are used to maintain records for available and borrowed books. A university having multiple departments normally has requirement to maintain a separate register for each department and sometimes for each session a department may demand to have a separate register. This builds a large register set which is very difficult to maintain and is highly error prone. In such scenarios to issue book needs much effort whereas at the same time to calculate and report monetary issues, and perform other managerial tasks may sometimes take days or even weeks. The library user pool is mainly the students and the university staff. Library cards are issued to each of them. When Students or staff members borrow books from library, the librarian needs to search for the relevant register and enter the information of borrower and the borrowed book on relevant page. At the same time he needs to assure that the member should be clear from library issues, the book can be borrowed and it is also his responsibility to provide the member with his time to possess the book. Sometimes members are not known to timings or forget to return the book in time even when they want to return it. In manual management of LIS it is not possible to regulate to process of warnings for library members when their returning dates are near to come. On the very other side where student are staff also feel very difficult to integrate with such system because the most irritating part of this system for them is the time took on any process, either to borrow book or to search book or most irritating when they need their clearance from the library and it take a day to just get a single signature. The only solution to these drawbacks of manual LIS lies in automation of the library information system by computerizing it and integrating with other management systems of a university. By automation of LIS it means to develop a fully computerized system that serves to enable the complete library operations through computers. Automations have some traditional advantages over manual systems like no paper work required and easy to backup, higher consistency of data and it is possible to schedule those tasks which are somewhat impossible in manual systems. Similarly, in context of LIS automation results in ease of library administration, control and tracking processes. The convenience of both librarians and members who use library is increased due to higher decrease of time. It becomes a matter of minutes to perform managerial tasks and estimating monetary matters and many other issues which are never resolved in manual systems. It all becomes wonderful when automation also occurs in making the system online, because through this the system becomes available for 24 hours 7 days a week. It means the student has no need to go through so many book racks to find a book and does not need to go to library to reserve a book. He just needs to go there and get his reserved book. He must not be worried to remember the returning date because he knows that he will be sent an alert indicating the return date of the book he has borrowed. So all this becomes more and more convenient with the increased automation in the process of LIS. LIS Automation for university means to develop a fully computerized system that enables the complete library functions through computers. The system provides the basic set of features to add/update/delete member, add/update/ delete books, search for books, and manage check-in / checkout processes. Automated LIS is designed to meet the needs of libraries both large and small, not only to meet the traditional requirements of a resource centre, but also able to keep track on borrowed books in university. This system is very helpful for university staff, student members and librarians because this system is also interact with the bar code reader and magnetic card reader. When the student and staff members are registered in university they are issued library cards from library. Through this card they can borrow books from the library. When they enter in library their cards are identified through the magnetic card reader and barcode reader is helpful for them in searching the books. The automation of LIS lessens human efforts in university. The maintenance of the records is made efficient, as all the records are stored in the database, through which data can be update, delete and retrieved easily. It also reduced the chance of frauds and errors because all things are computerized. Existing solution EXISTING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The existing LIS in university is completely manual and file based. It contains the records of all books and members of the university so this builds a large register set which is very difficult to maintain. In this situation to issue book, return book, fine management, catalog management and member registration verification need much effort whereas at the same time to perform other managerial tasks may sometimes take days or even weeks. C:Documents and SettingsATIFADesktopuntitled.JPG Figure 1: Manual Library System In this system, it is also very difficult to control the process of warnings for library members (student and staff) when their returning dates are near to come. Student and staff members are also faced the problem of book search and borrow. And when they need their clearance from the library, it also takes a day to just get a single signature. In existing manual system all the library members (librarian, staff and students) are faced a lot of difficulties when they are going to issue book, return book, fine management, book catalog management and member registration verification. Issue Book To issue a book in an existing system is a big matter because when student and staff members borrow books from library, the librarian needs to search for the relevant register and enter the information of borrower and the borrowed book on relevant page. At the same time the book can be borrowed when librarian is assured that the member should be clear from library issues. Return Book To return a book process is also very irritating and time consuming as well as the issue book process. Sometimes members are not known to timings or forget to return the book in time even when they want to return it. In this system it is not possible to regulate the process of warnings for library members when their returning dates are near to come because this system is completely manual. Fine Management Because the existing LIS in university is completely manual so the fine management is also a tuff and time consuming task. It is very complicated to tracks and calculates possible fines, takes care for member securities and when required provide monetary calculation related to library to the university accounts office which manages university financial resources. Book Catalog Management University central library contains the records of all books related to its every department and its LIS is manual so the book catalog management is not easy. When members returned the borrowed books then there is no proper management to see is the book is placed at right location or not. To add, delete and search the required book is time consuming process because librarian needs to arrange the proper registers for this. Member Registration Files and registers are used in university for member registration, so that all the student and staff members records are saved on them. When the members information are added, deleted and updated the entries in associated registers are also updated which required a large amount of time. Student and staff members registration information is also required to LIS to issue the library cards of each of them. Library staff adds all these information in registers to keep the track of members of LIS so this is also required enough time. The complete functions of existing system are shown in figure. It represents the overall functionality of library in university. Proposed System Architecture Scope of Proposed System Library System is a library information and knowledge management system. This application is used to support a librarian in managing a book library in university. The system is designed to provide the basic set of to add, delete or update members, add, delete or update books, and search for books processes. The main focus of this system is to reduce human efforts. The maintenance of the records is made efficient, as all the records are stored in the database, through which data can be retrieved easily. Some of the other specific objectives of the Library System are as following: Minimum amount of work should be required. Special hardware such as bar code reader and magnetic card reader should be used with this system for security and efficiency. Permanent storage of data should be done easily by using the database instead of the registers. It provides the interface for librarians to interact with the backend library database. It provides the interface to add, delete or update new student and staff member in the database. It also provides the interface to add, delete or update book information in the book database. GUI to search for a book based on user inputs. It provides the interface to check out of books which are issued by student and staff member. It also checks in the books which are returned by student and staff member. Calculate and manage the record for fine. Provide a facility to automatically send reminders to university members when required. Product Perspective The Library System is developed for the library to help the staff members, students and Librarians to search and borrow books. The system provides information related to books to the members of the library. The Librarian can keep the tracks of books updated all the time so that the student and the staff members get the up to date information all the time. This system is developed to interact with its users like librarian students and staff members of the university. The system has to interact with other systems like: Library System, Member Registration System, Catalog Management System, Accounting System, Email System, Fine and Reminder Bot System, Purchase Management System, and Online Client System of university. Software Requirment specifications Introduction The library system provides the information about the books available in the Library. It provides different type of services for its users, such as reserve book, renew book, check items, and check fines and view hold requests in the account. The following requirements specifications and required functions of the Library System are given below: Library members The Library has university staff and students as its members. All members must be registered with the library and issued with Username and Password for accessing their account in Library System. Book issue and return When a library member login via his account he can issue books. The system restricts the borrow limits as this a staff member can borrow up to 4 books up to 4 weeks and a student can borrow up to 2 books for up to 2 weeks. When a book is borrowed or returned by the library member, the information should be captured in the system and the account of the member should be updated. Only book items can be issued in library, currently journals and magazines should only be read in the library. Fine calculation and send late book reminders The system is able to calculate fines and send reminders to members automatically. When a return date is overdue, information about overdue items, overdue days and accumulated fines is sent to the user via email. Adding and deleting books Librarian is responsible to maintain the information about catalogues and library members. He can add, update and delete books in database. Querying to find books The system provides search functions to library members they can search a book through online catalogue. All book items in library are searched either by ISBN No or Author. Report generation Library system generates reports for the system administration automatically. User characteristics The main users of the system are student and staff members, librarian of the university who maintain the system. It is assumed that the members and librarian have the basic knowledge of internet and computers. This system ensures that the system administrator have enough knowledge of the internals of the system such as he is able to correct the small problems like disk crashes and power failure. The proper GUI, users manual, online help and the guide to install and maintain the system must be provided with the system to educate the users. System Constraints All the users information must be stored in a database that is accessible by the library system. The library system is connected to the university server and that is available 24 hours. The library system is accessible for the users who have internet connection with their computers in university. The Member Registration System, Catalog Management System, Accounting System, Email System, Fine and Reminder Bot System, Purchase Management System, and Online Client System are connected to the Library System and the database used by these systems must be compatible with the interface of the System. The users login into Library System through their username and password which they are assigned. System Assumptions and Dependencies Enough knowledge of computers should be required. To access the system online in university internet connection should be required. Library system can access the university student database. Microsoft SQL Management studio 2005 to store the database. To developed the product by using ASP.Net and C #.Net. Requirements For the Online Table Booking system following features will be provided to the customers related to table reservation. Students/Staff Requirements Search Books Search Issue Book by Student/Staff ID Search Reserve Book by Student/Staff ID Get Fine by Student/Staff Get Total Fine for Student/Staff Analysis Models Design Models The Physical design of the system is developed from logical design, which is completely based on logical design [9]. It is completely based upon the relationship among the data rather than the storage structures. The systematic organization of data which is used in automated system makes a database different form of record keeping [10]. While designing the database for the system, theses facts such as data integration, data sharing, no redundancy and data consistency have been taken care. Physical design consists of Table Design and Specifications. Database Physical Schema Tools and Technologies Tools and technologies refer to the text which describes the used and required technical specifications of the designed system. The system is a kind of information system which is targeted to be an n-tier application without losing desktop application style. The requirement to be n-tier and also to have a desktop application demands for a technology combination where following areas can be integrated to build up the system. Centralized data source Interoperability Ease of use Integrity Availability Integrating with the existing system Rapid development All these areas have their own constraints, some of which make it difficult to introduce them in a single system. While our technology study our team was working to find a solution that can help us in such a situation. In earlier stages we had an idea to provide a client server application where the data source will be centralized server and clients will call that for data services. This idea could have worked if the available time was not very short, so we left this option. Later we found a better solution to design a web application that provides the required services and we started working upon that but soon our team found a complete solution that had solved our problems. Creating a web application has some constraints which are number 2 and 3 in the above list. These constraints were removed by the new solution where we shifted to service oriented architecture and used a protocol based approach to provide data to our client application; this architecture is named as SOAP Service Oriented Architecture Protocol. Deciding finally on our system architecture we decided to use the same database management system, which is used by the university website. This decision was to support to integration of the new product with the old system and for the same reason we had used the web technology used by the website. One of the targets of the system design was to lower the cost for the deployment of the developed system, because it will only add up with the existing system and no changed will be required. On the other side no need to buy or manage or maintain any new server. It will just require simple system with required software packages installed and the system will start providing its services. Normally there will be no need to configure the client side application. The coming text will describe the software technologies which were used to design the software with their justification to use them. Server Side: Server side was build with following technologies: ASP.NET The reason to use this web technology is already described above. The website for University of Sargodha is designed using ASP.NET and is currently active and working. So to support integration with the existing web application our team decided that we must use the same technology there are using. It is very famous Microsoft technology and is used to build any kind of web solutions from simple personal websites to n-tire enterprise level web application. In comparison with other similar technologies like PHP and Java Server Pages it focuses on development of quality products rapidly. MSSQL Server 2005 MSSQL server is a database management system which is a product of Microsoft. It is very famous with medium scaled data driven business solutions. It supports client server architecture and at the same time it also provides parallel user access to the databases. Such kind of DBMS also sounds good for web technologies. In normal practice MYSQL another DBMS is used more frequent on web due to the compatibility of MYSQL with LINUX / UNIX based operating systems. MSSQL is only compatible with Windows based operating systems. Similar is the case with ASP.NET, from the introduction of MSSQL 2005 and ASP.NET both are known to be the best for each other for web technologies. The university website is also using the same combination and that is why we also are using the same technology. Web Services Web Services are a technology which is derived to provide a central source not only to provide data but also to receive data. There are many pros when we talk about this technology. Its expandability is inherited from web. Similar to a website a web service can also have unlimited number of clients, only constrained by the hosting server of the web service. This was the biggest reason to use web services in the designed solution. It does not cause change in the existing architecture of the system, but just add to the existing system. This kind of integration ability was very useful for the designed system. Web service use a protocol named SOAP which uses xml to transfer data to/from the clients of the web service. The global nature of xml enables another option in web services, that they do not restrict their clients to be the one kind of system. Any system, which can generate the kind of xml schema required for a web service and can receive and interpret the returned xml document from the web service, can call it. Another reason that made us to use the web services was the ease to call them, we called them from our desktop application where they worked just like normal routine calls, and it made it easier to proceed with the same system. Crystal Reports This technology refers to generating reports from vast data to support business decision; in our system we used crystal reports to generate several reports which are help full in providing the results regarding the library information to higher management. The reason to use this technology was to make it easier to generate reports. We concluded the ease with crystal reports from there automatic database interpretation and retrieving objects from the database schema to design reports. Reports designed in crystal reports are also not very specific to IT; their design can be modified by any designer so university is not constrained to us for required change after the deployment. Client Side: .NET The name Dot Net refers to a Microsoft technology framework which is intended to design managed and secure applications. The reason we used this framework was the ease and speed of development which is supported by .NET. The application, build on .NET assemblies needs .NET to be installed on the system where the application has to run. Our client application requires pre installation of .NET on the hosting system to run on it. The application was built using .NET 2.0 so at least .NET 2.0 or any newer version can support the application. Visual C# It is a programming language with is supported by .NET development environments. The reason to choose this language was to focus on the functionality of the system rather than bug fixing. Communication Method The server side of the system has to be deployed on a web server with the existing website. So considering this the system uses Ethernet as the communication medium to send and receive data from web services. To call/discover the web services the system uses HTTP protocol to send and receive requests to web services. Browser Technology While developing the web based interface, we have tried to make it well formed on most famous browsers which are IE6, Firefox 3.0 and Chrome 1.0. In all of these browsers it has almost similar and well formed look and feel. Another browser is targeted theoretically, which is safari. But this browser is not tested. Regarding to studied problems most of the layout is static which has a complete compatibility in all browsers. No layout uses absolute or relative positioning. System Evaluation introduction The library information management system is designed and developed using the client server architecture and is implemented

Blood Brothers by Willy Russell :: Blood Brothers Essays

â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell Blood Brothers seems to have been set in the 1970s/80s around Liverpool. There is a lot about striking and major redundancies in it. Also about people moving "out of Liverpool" into the "country" ( Skelmersdale ), in order to provide better housing and better prospects for everyone. The social climate of the working class appears to highlight the differences between working and middle classes. The contrasts between the personalities and characters of Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are clearly shown throughout the play but these characteristics are mirrored within where each character resides. There is a clear and distinct line between the two social worlds is obvious as Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are shown to live at opposite ends of the social scale, Mrs. Lyons in a respectable area with everything money can buy, and Miss Johnstone in a rundown semi on a council estate. This becomes even clearer when Mickey says â€Å"up in the park† which seems to suggest that it is above the Johnstone’s status and that it is attractive and open in comparison to the estate. It also seems that neither parent wanted their children mixing with each other and also seemingly, boys from a different social class. Mrs. Lyons states â€Å"You see why I don’t want you mixing with boys like that! You learn filth from them,† after Eddie swears at her. It seems to confirm her stereotypical views about the nature of people who were less well off than her, which obviously includes how she sees Mickey to be. There is also a clear difference in the language and vocabulary that is used by both different sets of people. For example Eddie refers to his mother as â€Å"my mummy† which seems to be a rather mummy’s boy thing to say and a bit soppy and girly and also something a somewhat posh child would say. In comparison Mickey, who lives in a rougher environment, refers to his mother as â€Å"me mam† which is a rather typical thing for someone living as a child in working class Liverpool. He tends to be more colloquial and use more informal and slangy language where as Eddie tends to abbreviate his words and pronounce them all in the proper way. Mickey doesn’t enunciate the ends of his word (for example he says â€Å"Yeh† instead of â€Å"Yes†) whereas Eddie has a much more formal way of pronunciation. Another big part of language which is used by both boys, eventually, is the matter of swearing. When Edward meets Mickey he is very polite and rather innocent but upon being introduced to Mickey he begins to Blood Brothers by Willy Russell :: Blood Brothers Essays â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell Blood Brothers seems to have been set in the 1970s/80s around Liverpool. There is a lot about striking and major redundancies in it. Also about people moving "out of Liverpool" into the "country" ( Skelmersdale ), in order to provide better housing and better prospects for everyone. The social climate of the working class appears to highlight the differences between working and middle classes. The contrasts between the personalities and characters of Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are clearly shown throughout the play but these characteristics are mirrored within where each character resides. There is a clear and distinct line between the two social worlds is obvious as Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are shown to live at opposite ends of the social scale, Mrs. Lyons in a respectable area with everything money can buy, and Miss Johnstone in a rundown semi on a council estate. This becomes even clearer when Mickey says â€Å"up in the park† which seems to suggest that it is above the Johnstone’s status and that it is attractive and open in comparison to the estate. It also seems that neither parent wanted their children mixing with each other and also seemingly, boys from a different social class. Mrs. Lyons states â€Å"You see why I don’t want you mixing with boys like that! You learn filth from them,† after Eddie swears at her. It seems to confirm her stereotypical views about the nature of people who were less well off than her, which obviously includes how she sees Mickey to be. There is also a clear difference in the language and vocabulary that is used by both different sets of people. For example Eddie refers to his mother as â€Å"my mummy† which seems to be a rather mummy’s boy thing to say and a bit soppy and girly and also something a somewhat posh child would say. In comparison Mickey, who lives in a rougher environment, refers to his mother as â€Å"me mam† which is a rather typical thing for someone living as a child in working class Liverpool. He tends to be more colloquial and use more informal and slangy language where as Eddie tends to abbreviate his words and pronounce them all in the proper way. Mickey doesn’t enunciate the ends of his word (for example he says â€Å"Yeh† instead of â€Å"Yes†) whereas Eddie has a much more formal way of pronunciation. Another big part of language which is used by both boys, eventually, is the matter of swearing. When Edward meets Mickey he is very polite and rather innocent but upon being introduced to Mickey he begins to

Legal essay(family law) Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness of the law in achieving justice for parties involved in relationship breakdown. Legislation and cases strive to achieve justice for all parties involved in a relationship breakdown. However, justice can be difficult to achieve as the law does not always uphold the rights of individuals. The law does reflect social and community values and strives to be accessible. Divorce is an example of the law being easily enforced, while with disputes involving children effectiveness isn’t always achieved. Amendments to legislation now make the law more effective when dealing with relationship breakdown’s between same sex couples and de facto relationships. Divorce is becoming more common in society, this means that legislation has been made more effective in achieving individuals rights. The Family Law Act 1975 (cth) established ‘no fault’ divorce, as long as the couple is separate for 12months, that overturned the Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 (Cth). Divorce is an effective method in achieving justice for parties involved in a relationship breakdown. An example of this is in the case Pavey v Pavey 1976, this case established ‘separate under one roof,’ this allowed couples to get a divorce even if they were living together due to financial strain. Pavey v Pavey is an example of how the law achieves justice for individuals and the accessibility of the law. Most issues related to relationship breakdown involves children, legislation has been improved in recent years to overcome this, but there are still many cases where justice isn’t achieved for all parties. The Child Support (assessment) Act 1984 (cth) aims to deduct money to support the child if the parent isn’t living with them. The Federal Government in 1990 ratified the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. This ruled that all cases were to be solved in the ‘best interests of the child.’ The Family Law Reform Act 1995 (Cth) recognises ‘best interests of the child’ and also changes ‘custody’ to ‘residency’ and ‘contact.’ This legislation has effectively achieved justice for families however, the ‘best interests of the child’ and the presumption of shared parenting outlined in the Family Law Amendment Act (Shared Responsibilities) Act 2006 (NSW) was overturned by the High Court. The High Court overturned ‘best interests of the child’ in the case MRR V GR 2010, as shared parenting wasn’t reasonably practible and the rights of the individual was not being upheld. MRR v GR is an example of how legislation is not effective, but due to the responsiveness of the legal system, justice was achieved. The Family Law Amendment (Shared Responsibilities) Act 2006 (NSW) also created Family Relationship Centres that allowed families to resolve disputes and there is compulsory 3 hours mediation in the breakdown of a marriage involving children. The law has been effective in achieving justice for parties involved in a relationship breakdown as it upholds community values, is accessible and responsive and aims to protect the rights of individuals. The law is also responsive in protecting the rights of individuals through the media and lobby groups. Lobby Groups such as Dads in Distress, aimed to establish shared parenting as they were unable to see their children. This lead to reforms in the Family Law Act with a presumption of shared parenting. However the media has given reports of children being at risk because of shared parenting. This is shown in the SMH report ‘For the Sake of the Children.’ The law has to reflect community’s conflicting vales and therefore is not always effective in protecting the rights of the individual. Unmarried couples also have to be protected in the event of a relationship breakdown and justice must be achieved. The Property (Relationships) Act 1984 (NSW) defines de facto relationships and included same sex relationships in the definition. This act protects individuals in the situation of a relationship breakdown by identifying which parties get what. The SMH released an article, ‘Here’s an Idea’ that recognises de facto relationships as a valid choice and that they should be protected by the law. Through recent legislation reforms individual’s rights are achieved, as well as the law being accessible. However, legislation is not always responsive, as de facto relationships were only defined in 1984, and they did not have the same rights as married couples until then. The law is effective in achieving justice for parties involved in a relationship breakdown. Divorce is easily accessible and responsive. Relationship breakdown including children is mainly effective in protecting the rights of individuals and upholding societal values. Through recent legislation developments the relationship breakdown of de facto relationships is now treated the same as the dissolution of marriage. The law is mostly effective in achieving justice and protecting the rights of individuals involved in a relationship breakdown. View as multi-pages