Critical Essay on Procurement Strategy

Question: Write a critical analysis of strategic procurement of infrastructure development project. Answer: Introduction Strategic construction procurement should be constructed upon the intention and the objective of procurement process (Young and Grant, 2015). This study would analyze the construction procurement process and its implementations on the new school projects generated by the DET under Australian government. In this essay the critical evaluation of the strategic construction procurement has been discussed in the light of the given case study. This scenario in accordance to the case study can be cited in this manner that the new school project conducted by the NSW department of education and training which is the largest provider of education services within Australian region. The public private partnership has been considered so lately as the effective tool in terms of exercising the multidimensional impacts on the construction procurement. It has been largely observed that the public sector project that remains under the strict observation of government is getting more dependent on the p rivate sectors in recent years (Akintoye et al. 2003). Therefore, this study has also enhanced the importance and effectiveness of public private partnerships in the construction procurement. NSW department of education and training has provided a number of primary schools and special school to the society within the record time period. The primary education services are being provided by the DET in order to make the generation more successful and adaptable to new systems in the future. Hence, this study has also evaluated the procurement strategies along with the advantages and disadvantages of BOT and its achievements in this regard. Effectiveness of Public and private partnership The public private partnerships (P3) have been found to be growing as one of the most popular strategies in course of infrastructure development across the world (McQuaid and Scherrer, 2010). As far as the international infrastructure development is concerned, it can be mentioned that there are several types of public private partnerships that are put into practice in terms of achieving utmost significance in the concerned projects. Public Private Partnership can be regarded as some sort of a contractual agreement between the likes of a public agency and a specified private sector entity to serve the purpose concerning the delivery of public infrastructure services and others in lieu of long term relationship. Introduction of Public Private Partnership can well be considered as a more unique as well as innovative approach for the cause of improved effectiveness in association with increased value for money (Akintoye et al. 2003). Alongside this factor, the P3 is an approach of unique ness for the purpose of improved service access, for the cause of timely delivery, for serving the purpose of reliability, transparency alongside appropriate accountability of public money. The effectiveness of the P3 arrangement lies in its allowing in designing the actual optimum combinations regarding both the public and private financing. The projects involving the public private partnerships offer limited cost overruns and at the same time, help in lowering operational costs in comparison to the other contracts (Zhang, 2005). The identification of barriers to the respective infrastructure of Public Private Partnership i.e. social, political and social risks; inefficient procurement framework; unfavorable commercial and economic conditions etc has in turn aided in ensuring the effectiveness of the partnership in the given project. Creation of added value is the main reason along with gaining significant competitive advantage amongst the different spheres of the world why this P3 has become so popular in terms of working on the integration and cross-transferring of the respective public and private sector knowledge, skills and expertise (Abdel Aziz, 2007). Furthermor e, the fact that public private partnerships are not standardized makes it far more approachable in terms of meeting the concerned governmental policy objectives in addition to the cause of complementing the other methods of public procurement and public service delivery in accordance with their availability of resources (Ke et al. 2009). Background information of the project As per the given case study, it is being known that the NSW Department of Education and Training (DET) is considered as the largest possible provider as far as the educational services in Australia is concerned (Jefferies and McGeorge, 2009). DET is found to be operating in more than 2400 sites, in connection with enrolling approximate 1.2 million students and having an asset base valued in excess of $15 billion. DET has managed to get two key public private sector partnership contracts in terms of letting those in providing the NSW government run schools in the new found urban release areas. While the New Schools Project is being regarded as the first ever social infrastructure Public Private Partnership contract of the NSW Government, this particular approach is known as the New Schools Privately Financed Project. It can be mentioned further, that these stipulated tasks were to be conducted by the likes of Axiom Education Pty Limited, in support of ABN AMRO Bank, Hansen Yuncken, St Hilliers and Spotless. The new type of procurement approach has actually come up as an appropriate replacement of the conventional method that takes into account individual school construction contracts coupled with several short term services and supply contracts. It can be mentioned in this regard that, under this new procurement style, the person in charge of construction must engage in designing, constructing as well as commissioning specific school facilities i.e. buildings of school, school playgrounds, furniture, fixtures, fittings, equipments, necessary electrical goods etc at its own respective cost by preset dates. It is the duty and responsibility of the contractor to provide operational, maintenance, security, safety, utility, cleaning and last but not the least repair services for each and every aspect of the school facility. Furthermore, after the contract is over, the contractor should hand over the respective school facilities to the State or to a newly nominated contractor, whichever is applicable and necessary. Procurement strategies Procurement strategies can be described in terms of preventing the different level of risks in this context. Strategies of procurement has been engaged from decades as the services related to the building process that has been adapted in order to deliver better services to satisfy the public needs. When a new project regarding the school building has been selected for renovation it includes different types of procurement strategies encompassing the solution along with the aims and objectives of effective solutions instead of engaging the real estate aspects like renting, leashing or purchasing the preset object in this regard (Chen, 2012). At the time of adapting any new project regarding the renovation of building the client should be made aware of the fact that along with the adoption of procurement strategy there comes some of the complex array that may generate constraints in the process of implementing procurement strategies as these complexities may be handled in the course of the entire procurement process. In this regard it has been detected that there are some important aspects that needs a sheer attention that is procurement process must involve few essential elements like; There should be an appropriate arrangement for the entire procurement process in order to implement such strategy effectively. It should be clearly stated in the contract format of the procurement package that what systems and methods will be taken into account for the procurement process. It should also be mentioned that how the procurement agency will manage the entire process that will suit the delivery system along with other services. There are many factors that are influencing the procurement strategies in recent times and which have remained under the cover of a veil for a long time. The agencies that are going to undertake a series of projects in the near future will opt for the option of partnership irrespective of the procurement rules that does not follow the line. The working activities of both the contractor and they consultant can be detected through the pre determined indicator in the procurement process and also helps in comparing the action outcomes of the both parties. In this regard the external factors like economic, political, social, environmental factors also influences the client and their business activities involved in the procurement process (Ekung et al. 2013). In order to define the procurement system it can be said that it is an organizational system that allows individuals to access the responsibilities and authorities in the organization along with this provides a explanation of the various aspects affecting the building projects in this regard. In the traditional procurement system the activity of the entire procurement system has been conducted in such a way in which the employer considers the fact the design will automatically adapt its assigned work, the contractor will be responsible to carry out the entire process and the consultant has been appointed for design and cost control of the entire project. Hence the procurement process can be considered as the series of risk and the prevention methods that are being adopted by the organizations would form in the strategies in the concerned field (Improving Construction Procurement Systems using Organizational Strategies, 2014) Procurement strategies at international level Procurement strategies have been adopted by many countries in order to avoid the unsatisfactory faces of the clients and also to avoid the embracing situation regarding the failure to attend the public needs. The new schools projects has introduces a new level of procurement strategies in the course of their action as it has made profit more than $ 15 billion and also provided services in the education sector within a record breaking time frame. Many types of procurement strategies have been developed so far in order to develop the international infrastructure system. The NSW department of education and training has introduces a new system of procurement strategies that can be assessed in terms of risk management in the course of building projects. The new school project has strictly depicted that the accountable organizations would be able to adapt effective procurement policies and also would be able to attain the public investment needs. It has been observed in the recent times th at procurement is an internationally recognised profession in the building project sectors (Ishii et al. 2014). It is also evident that procurement strategies on an international level have the ability to influence the overall performance outcome of and organization. Therefore, in this regard it can be suggested that the government of the mentioned country or the other countries should be aware of the different crucial aspects related to procurement system as this can take the critical shape for both the private and the public sectors.teh procurement system can also be handled with the effective public and private sector partnership strategies (Liu and Wilkinson, 2016). There are various cultural differences in the building project sector that are able to influence the development procedure though building partnerships. The reforms that have been adopted in the sectors of procurement have exercised a large impact on the legal framework along with the institutional aspects of a country. The procurement strategies has shown its charisma in relation to international business as it has been adapted by the organization internationally when the organizations fails to coordinate and collaborate between the public and the private sector partnership. The international procurement strategies have delivers an ample amount of advantages along with disadvantages, like Contractors are getting the opportunity to collaborate and coordinate with one particular and single company which decreases the scope of increases procurement. The contractors are able to assume the risk and possibilities regarding the building projects and procurement of the continuing project. And finally the roles, responsibilities and the charges are clear to the all parties and the risk of procurement would also be detected in the due course (Plantinga and Dore, 2016). Adaptation of appropriate procurement strategy for the NSW project The BOT strategies can be described as the binary options trading strategy that has been considered as the most effective and useful tool in the public and private partnership. The BOT strategies are a set of ideas that would be leading the organizations in the right path of deliberation (binary options trading strategies, 2010).. The rules regarding the binary option trading should be based on the market values. The best way to develop a right model of BOT strategy is to gather as much as possible comprehension about the current situation of the market. BOT strategy is very much influential and effective in deriving the right outcomes for the project. The project can be shapes with sheer effectiveness if the BOT strategy can be implemented in the right directions and right tools in this regard. The Binary option trading also provides the scope of financial security as the users can predict the financial situation of the market. In other words it helps in constructing the financial s tructure of the intended project. The new school project has taken into account the binary option trading as an integral part of the procurement system in relation to the building project and the effective implementation of the public private partnership aided by the BOT strategies (Zhang, 2005). Advantages and disadvantages of BOT It can be put forth that the BOT procurement method is a particular type of private public partnership mode, in accordance with which, the financing of work is being carried out (Zhang and Kumaraswamy, 2001). There are certain advantages and disadvantages of this specified procurement strategy that must be taken into account in terms of exploring the strategic approach. Advantages: BOT helps in saving time on grounds of the service providers respective expertise in course of assembling the concerned infrastructure and the obtainment of local regulatory consents and in saving efforts for the service provider is capable of performing at considerably lower price. Transfer of technology along with the respective training of the local personnel and the national capital market development can be counted as one of the key factors of this mechanism. BOT is efficient in saving money alongside market share for the new infrastructural benefits are enjoyed sooner and with accelerated effectiveness (Kumaraswamy and Zhang, 2001). BOT formula which is a complex mechanism can be applied to any sector of economy with special preference for transportation, power plant sector and telecommunications. Disadvantages: Transactional costs are usually high for they take up around 5-10% of the total project cost. It is found that there are additional costs which are incurred for paying a certain amount of profit to the service provider in consequence of the value of its know-how and stipulated time in organizing the infrastructure of service delivery. It is rare that BOT is applicable to early stage startups in lieu of short term urgency. Not suitable for small scale projects BOT projects are successful depending on the factor of financial support and projects can only gain success when substantial revenues are found to be generated during the operational activity phase. Achievement of BOT (Build Operate Transfer) strategy in the NSW project BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) is regarded as one of the most successful as well as helpful strategies for the public private partnership of the infrastructure project which can be mentioned as an essential form of leading where the project sponsor i.e. the government allows for designing, financing and building an infrastructure facility by the project promoter i.e. private entrepreneur (Shrestha, 2011). It can invariably be put forth that BOT is inherently an output oriented procurement strategy that plays a pivotal role in designing appropriate structure of the concerned partnership project. Governments tend to adopt BOT project procurement strategy because the active involvement of both the private sector and the commercially experienced lenders helps in ensuring a detailed and in-depth evaluation as an added sign of the concerned project feasibility. Public sector is entrusted with the responsibility of bearing the project risk generally, but use of BOT strategy which is a specifi ed service model makes it an integral aspect of private sector instead. The effectiveness of P3 with regard to the specified characteristics of building and management of schools in close association with the BOT strategy in achieving the requisite goal of the New Schools Privately Financed Project can also be counted in this respect (Liu and Wilkinson, 2014). It can be summed up in this regard that BOT strategy is the effective most procurement mechanism that comes as a great deal of help in the infrastructure development project of construction, as in the case of the New Schools Privately Financed Project. Conclusion In the final segment, it can be concluded that this particular essay has critically analyzed the various dimensions of the procurement strategy with special reference to the BOT strategy. The given case study of New Schools Privately Financed Project has been discussed in light of the specified procurement strategy in close association with the public private partnership. The P3 is the basis of the new version of infrastructure project and that has been effectively co-ordinated with BOT strategy in order to achieve success in the concerned genre of construction. How far the procurement strategy in concern has managed to pave the way for the public private partnership in the field of infrastructure development has also been explored in the essay in this connection of given case study. The nooks and corners of the BOT procurement mechanism have been delved deep upon in this context from highly analytical perspective, which has actually led to the establishment of the fact that procurem ent strategy is essential in the genre of infrastructure development with necessary advancements in the contemporary situation. References Abdel Aziz, A. (2007). Successful Delivery of Public-Private Partnerships for Infrastructure Development. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(12), pp.918-931. Akintoye, A., Hardcastle, C., Beck, M., Chinyio, E. and Asenova, D. (2003). Achieving best value in private finance initiative project procurement. Construction Management and Economics, 21(5), pp.461-470. Binary Options Trading Strategies. (2010).Joining traders from New York Tokyo Singapore Toronto Paris London. Chen, K. (2012). Procurement strategies and coordination mechanism of the supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple suppliers.International Journal of Production Economics, 138(1), pp.125-135. Ekung, S., Siriwardena, M. and Adeniran, L. (2013). Optimised Selection and use of Project Procurement Strategy in Nigeria: A Case from Practise.Ethiop. J. Env Stud Manag, 6(6). Improving Construction Procurement Systems using Organizational Strategies. (2014).Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 11(01). Ishii, N., Takano, Y. and Muraki, M. (2014). An order acceptance strategy under limited engineering man-hours for cost estimation in EngineeringProcurementConstruction projects.International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), pp.519-528. Jefferies, M. and McGeorge, W. (2009). Using public private partnerships (PPPs) to procure social infrastructure in Australia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(5), pp.415-437. Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. and Cheung, E. (2009). Research Trend of Public-Private Partnership in Construction Journals. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(10), pp.1076-1086. Kumaraswamy, M. and Zhang, X. (2001). Governmental role in BOT-led infrastructure development. International Journal of Project Management, 19(4), pp.195-205. Liu, T. and Wilkinson, S. (2014). Using public-private partnerships for the building and management of school assets and services. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(2), pp.206-223. Liu, T. and Wilkinson, S. (2016). Using public-private partnerships for the building and management of school assets and services. McQuaid, R. and Scherrer, W. (2010). Changing reasons for publicprivate partnerships (PPPs). Public Money Management, 30(1), pp.27-34. Plantinga, H. and Dore, A. (2016). Procurement strategy formation: (re-)designing rail infrastructure project alliances.Int J Managing Projects in Bus, 9(1), pp.53-73. Shrestha, S. (2011). Prospects of BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) Projects for Infrastructure Development in Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 8(1-2). Young, R. and Grant, J. (2015). Is strategy implemented by projects? Disturbing evidence in the State of NSW.International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), pp.15-28. Zhang, X. (2005). Paving the Way for PublicPrivate Partnerships in Infrastructure Development. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 131(1), pp.71-80. Zhang, X. and Kumaraswamy, M. (2001). BOT-Based Approaches to Infrastructure Development in China. J. Infrastruct. Syst., 7(1), pp.18-25.

Brazils Current Film Industry Essay Example For Students

Brazils Current Film Industry Essay In this paper I will discuss Brazil and its current film industry. I will elucidate its role in the Brazilian economy, and also what part the government deals in the industry itself. Certain Brazilian films will be given as representations towards my theories. Within a year of the Lumiere brothers first experiment in Paris in 1896, the cinematograph machine appeared in Rio de Janeiro. Ten years later, the capital boasted 22 cinema houses and the first Brazilian feature film, The Stranglers by Antonio Leal, had been screened. From then on Brazils film industry made continuous progress and, although it has never been large, its output over the years has attracted international attention. In 1930, still the era of the silent movie in Brazil, Mario Peixotos film, Limite was made. Limite is a surrealistic work dealing with the conflicts raised by the human condition and how life conspires to prevent total fulfillment. It was considered a landmark film in the Brazilian cinema history. In 1933 Cinedia produced The Voice of Carnival, the first film with Carmen Miranda. This film ushered in the chanchada which dominated Brazilian cinema for many years. Chanchadas were the slapstick comedies, generally filled with musical numbers and thoroughly cherished by the public. By the end of the 1940s Brazilian film making was becoming an industry. The Vera Cruz Film Company was created in Sao Paulo with the goal of producing films of international quality. It hired technicians from abroad and brought back from Europe, Alberto Cavalcanti, a Brazilian filmmaker with an international reputation to head the company. Vera Cruz produced some important films before it closed in 1954, among them the epic O Cangaceiro which won the Best Adventure Film award at Cannes Film Festival in 1953. In the 1950s, Brazilian cinema radically changed the way it made films. In his 1995 film, Rio 40 Graus, director Nelson Pereira dos Santos employed the filmmaking techniques of Italian non realism by using ordinary people as his actors and by going to the streets to shoot his low budget film. He would become one of the most important Brazilian filmmakers of all time, and it is he who set the stage for the Brazilian cinema novo an idea in mind and a camera in the hands movement. By 1962 cinema novo had established a new concept in Brazilian filmmaking. The cinema novo films dealt with themes related to acute national problems, from conflicts in rural areas to human problems in the large cities, as well as film versions of important Brazilian novels. At the end of the 1960s, the Tropicalist movement had taken hold of the art scenes in Brazil which meant that cinema came under its spell. It emphasized the need to transform all foreign influences into a national product. The most representative film of this movement was Macunaima, by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. It was a metaphorical analysis of the Brazilian character as shown in the story of a native Indian who leaves the Amazon jungle and goes to the big city. Working at the same time as the Tropicalists were the cinema marginal movement. This was another group of directors that emerged in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro who also made low cost films. This group produced films with themes that referred to a marginal society. Their films were considered difficult. In 1969 the government film agency, Embrafilme, was created. They were responsible for the co production, financing, and distribution of a large percentage of films in the 1970s and 1980s. Embrafilme added a commercial dimension to the film industry and made it possible for it to move on to more ambitious projects. In the 1980s movies were not well attended. This was due in part to the popularity of the television. Many theatres closed their doors, especially in the interior if the country. Dementia in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty EssayThe actual flourishing of the film industry is so intense that one can even measure by the fact that in the beginning of the decade the number of spectators for the Brazilian films were insignificant, summoning up to about 20,000 per year. But gradually, as the films increased so did the spectators. In 1997 one can see how the numbers have jumped to 2 million. Another auspicious fact is the regional diversification of productions, allowing the elimination of the battles between Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Although the market is still dominated by foreign films, Brazil has begun to export their films. In 1997 Brazil imported 680 millions of dollars against the 38 millions that were being exported. The Federal Constitution clearly established in the 2 articles 215, and 216 states that the competency of the state guarantees the cultural rights. Also access to the cultural source, value and incentivation of the cultural productions and preservations of the national heritage. Especially the ones from the various ethnic groups and trends that encompass the Brazilian society. So the 3 fundamental dimensions of the cultural phenomenon creation, diffusion, and preservation are contemplated in the constitutional text. This places them under the public responsibilities in collaboration with its society. The countrys cultural area is changing to a more stable structure of organization and financial support. The federal legislation that incentives the culture has 2 powerful laws. Law 8. 313/91, which is the federal law to stimulate the culture, and law 8685/93 which is the audiovisual law. With these two laws the federal government incentives and supports the firms to contribute with a percentage of the taxes to be used in the support of the arts. As a result of these laws we have the Revival of the Brazilian Movie, with an increased income of 80 million reais Brazillian currency in 1997. These figures are four times bigger than the 1995 figures. An illustration of this is the ministry of culture that gave 40 awards for film shorts, 15 for scripts, and 15 for the development of the audio-visual projects. In 1998, the ministry of culture will center its efforts to increase the market for Brazilian productions of audio visual context. By doing so, one hopes that this can increase the structure and the implementation of the audio visual industry in Brazil. In conclusion, I believe that the Brazilian film industry was lacking when it first started. Gradually the industry has begun to grow and produce films that are even entertaining foreign audiences, such as O Quatrilho in Europe and the US. Hopefully as the years pass I believe that even though Brazil is a third world country, it is rich enough in culture to bring forth a different quality of films that will reassure the foreign audience and market to give them a chance.

TJ Lawrence Essays - Jackie Robinson, Cactus League,

TJ Lawrence 7J 4-25-00 Novel Assignment Rookie Of The Year Part 1. 273 more words Who is the rookie this year? Do you think that the Brooklyn Dodgers have had a rough season? With all of the sicknesses and all of the losses. And with the fact that the Cardinals are always in first. They want to win the pennant so bad. The manager Spike wants to win it fairly. They are doing pretty good though. Thrid place isn't a bad one. The Brooklyn Dodgers have been playing hard to get where they are. There were alot of hardships that they all had to over look. They also made an awsome come back to make it to the playoffs, then they beat out the Pitsburg Pirates so the can play the St. Louis Cardnials in the finals. If you wanna find out how they did your just going to have to read on. He doesn't want his players to be drinking anything during the season. If he catches them there in for it deep. The coach will fine the players the first time their caught with fifty dollars. The second time they get suspended and a hundred dollar fine. The third time..well there isn't a third time. When the coach made this statement at the end of a game in the locker room, the most mouthy person on the team even knew that he meant it because Raz didn't say a thing. The coach has also almost caught many people on the team but they get extremely lucky and get away with it. The players think that alcohol is the answer to all the stress after the game. Yet the coach knows that it will only get the players sick and he is only doing this so that the players stay safe for the games. Bones was fined once for alcohol and it wasn't to much his fault. It was because of his roomie who took him out and got him drunk because he thought he was to stressed out. Spike made an example out of Bones an d they moved Bones with another room mate. Bones Hathaway was now stuck with an old veteran pitcher and he didn't like it. Mr. MacManus who owned the team was going to suspend Bones Hathaway because Spike was being a hot head. He kept screwing thing up and Mr. MacManus was going to take it out on his team. Luckely Spikes brother Bob was there and cooled Mr. macmanus' temper. The Dodgers have been playing tons of games just so they can win the pentane. All they want is the pentant. They even play games from like ten o'clock at night and can go on till two a.m. The Cardinals are in first, Pirates in second, and the Dodgers in third. They have beaten the Cardinals before but not enough times to move ranks around. They want to face the Cardinals in the World Series for the pentane because they are pretty sure that they can beat them. The Dodgers were actually on a winning streak at one point then their best rookie pitcher became sick. He was one of the reasons they had a winning streak but on the first day they won he had bacon, eggs, and toast. The next game he ate the same breakfast and they won again. So he was being superstitious and ate that breakfast for eleven days straight. The coach gave a long speach about them eating right and he was very upset that his best rookie pitcher was sick. Spike had a talk with Bones Hathaway after he got better and aske d him some question. He wanted to make sure that Bones wasn't getting sick because the other team paid him and that Bones was a good hitter but didn't show it because the other team paid him. The last game. Only one game was left for those courageous Brooklyn Dodgers. They made it. They made it all they to the pentane game. It was just them and the St. Louis Cardinals. Before the game their manager Spike game them a little speech. It wasn't much, but it was enough. Spike told the team about what would happen if the won. He told them how great

In what ways did WWI essays

In what ways did WWI essays What happened in Britain, Germany and Belgium when war broke? How were the civilian population affected? What happened with men? What happened with women? What effect did the war had on these countries? One of the main things that influenced people when the war started was propaganda. In Germany the press was not free and people couldnt question that they were fighting a defensive war. They also had Hate Campaign, which was against Britain, and its main function was to divert attention when Germans were questioning their war aims. In Britain newspapers were censored from 1915 on, there were very strict rules about this, for example no photographs that showed a dead British soldier could be published, and major battle casualty lists were sometimes not made public for weeks. Letters from soldiers were censored too; this was probably to give people a cheerful idea of how life was at the front. The British government printed pamphlets, posters, newspaper reports and advertisement that gave the impression that a soldiers life was heroic, adventurous and romantic, and to persuade people to eat less, buy less, join up, do voluntary work, etc. Most of this propaganda was to persuade men, parents, wives and girlfriends that war was worthwhile and that it was a great adventure rather than a dreadful reality. In Britain there was also anti-German propaganda, which included a few things that were true, but most of them werent. Basically it said that Germany was evil and that Britain would beat Germany. What made pr opaganda so effective was that it didnt show what was really happening in the fighting fronts, so neither the new soldiers nor their families knew the horrors of war that were awaiting them, and people didnt know how accurate the newspaper reports and pamphlets were. Food shortages affected these countries during the war, in Belgium they happened because even if the Belgians tried to buy f...

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution Coursework

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution - Coursework Example In the course of production, gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons among others that are produced as waste material by industries are released into the atmosphere. The result is massive air pollution. The most far reaching effect of these emissions is changes in climate. The average temperatures in the world increase every year, there are more floods, and the desserts are expanding among other deviations from climate as it were in the past. Air pollution also has negative impacts on plant and animal species as well as humans. For instance, acid rain increases the acidity of the soil which damages plants while inhalation of these gases causes health complications to humans. Industries also release chemical effluents in liquid form which when released into rivers and other water bodies and this has resulted into the decrease of fish and extinction of some species. The first locomotives used steam engines. In the present age, majority of automobiles use gas. Increased use of automobiles degrades the environment because it necessitates mining of oil. Combustion of gas to propel vehicles results in emission of gases which causes air pollution. The major pollutant from cars is carbon dioxide which is a green house gas that depletes the ozone layer and also contributes to global warming. Emissions such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides are part of the reason why the number of cancer cases is on the rise. Air pollution from locomotives also causes acid rain which is detrimental to plants. Industrial revolution has necessitated continued mining of oil and gas which is used to power motor vehicles, factory machines and in cooking. Mining and transportation of oil poses a danger to the environment through the possibility of oils spills on water bodies and also on land. Oil spills result in both short and long term

Look at the pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Look at the pictures - Essay Example Compared to the past, there are now simpler modes of communication, there are phones and computers which can utilize the vast internet system and enable people interact and communicate through messages, emails and even by web cameras where they can see each other. Technology has revolutionized the world not only positively but negative aspects that under values writing. Concern regarding writing skills has been raised every now and then; this has been mostly noted on the 21st century generation, the writing skills of most students and the general public has gone down compared to the skills of people that existed in the 18th and 19th century. This undermining of the writing skills can be attributed to the communication advancement whose roots have dug and spread deep in the modes of writing. Social media impacts on writing skills Social media is advancement during these times where different people across all continents has the need to interact and share activities in their lives, soc ial media such as Facebook and Twitter are some of the most popular social media in the world (Young, 146). These sites are known for interactions of friends who mostly use informal language and shortened words to pass their messages across. Statistics shows that social media is addictive to the youth of the current generation who have been known to spend most of their time in social media ‘chatting’. This chatting habit reciprocates to transfer of using of the chatting language to school settings which is inappropriate to the setting of formal language and writing. The negative side of social media is on how it affects the writing skills of the users, since this communication mode is cheap and available to everyone this affects growing children who engages in it at a very young age. This then becomes the way of life for these young people who don’t realize there are other ways like reading books by which people can spend their time. By reading books written by f amous people in the likes of William Shakespeare the young minds could have attained very special writing styles in form of stylistic devices and vocabulary. By use of social media, the means of communication is texting, this is by typing the words by pressing on buttons of the mobile phones and computer keyboards, this impacts negatively to the social media users as it does not allow them time to be able to improve on hand writing skills . The witting by way of pens is an activity that was very popular especially in the beginning of 18th century; this even led to the innovation and development of creative writing as the calligraphy a talent that had to be improved by constant practice by pen and paper. How education is affected by technology Positive As much as there are a lot of negative impacts of technology on writing, technology has some positive impacts on student writing. These impacts are positive in the fact that they enhance the educational value of all students who uses t he new technology (Ferris, 23). Through being able to go back and revise through the work, this is facilitated by software designed to check grammatical errors. Students find this easier compared to writing on paper which they have to go through word by word and in most cases ends up missing some mistakes (Ferris, 34). For many high and middle school students there has been a rise of the number of students who text update blogs and are constantly using the social

Raising the school awarenessof the dangers of social networking to the Research Proposal

Raising the school awarenessof the dangers of social networking to the teenagers - Research Proposal Example Not only that, rampant cases of cyber bullying and other related issues that strike within the emotional and psychological well-being of users. In this paper, I will go into detail of the threats that adolescent users are faced. And it is in the light of purging this threats that I am writing your kind office. I believe that the school is the most basic instrumental and effective institution to counter these imminent dangers to the youth. Of course the education of the teenagers is of prime concern but, moreover, your good office can be the front bearer of furthering this cause by stimulating participation and activism of the parents and of the whole local society to make cyber world a safer place for the future of the youth. Thank you very much for considering and looking over my proposal. I hope this will be a sufficient spark to enable us to act on this matter zealously. Yours Truly, XXXXXXXXX RAISING THE SCHOOLS’ AWARENESS OF THE DANGERS AND THREATS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING TO THE TEENAGERS Prepared For: Prepared By: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦2 THE SOCIAL NETWORKING PHENOMENON†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 What is Social Networking?..............................................................................................3 Origin and Evolution of Social Networking†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Why is Social Networking so Appealing? †¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Encouraging Participation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 DANGERS AND RISKS FOR ADOLESCENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Cyber Bullying†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Invasion of Privacy and Security†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Too much Information and Identity Theft†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 Promoting Anti-Social behavior in the Real World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....9 Online Predators†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 WHAT THE SCHOOL CAN DO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Inculcate SNS Awareness in Curriculum†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Get Involved with the Teenagers in SNS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦